Chapter 5
Explaining about the activities of existing marketing and marketing conditions at this time. Not only that here also explains about the methods used in the current marketing system, which is a modern marketing.
Chapter 6
Explaining about the Four P's, the four elements of marketing, namely:
-Product
-Price
-Placement
-Promotion
Fourth element is very important if we want conduct activities marketing.
Chapter 7
Explaining about how the ways or techniques to achieve marketing goals. And inform about the example of the marketing mix Might parties in the Following:
Product: blue jeans
Price: with the market
Placement: department stores
Promotion: advertisement on a "pop music" radio station.
Rabu, 30 Juni 2010
GLOBAL WARMING
Global Warming is the process of increasing the average temperature of the atmosphere, ocean, and land Bumi.Suhu global average on the surface of Earth has increased over the last hundred years. Climate models are used as reference shows the global surface temperature will rise. Estimates were caused by the use of different scenarios on emissions of greenhouse gases in the future, as well as models of different climate sensitivities. Warming and sea level rise is expected to continue for more than a thousand years even if greenhouse gas emission levels have been stable. This reflects the large heat capacity of the oceans.
Increasing global temperatures are expected to lead to other changes such as rising sea levels, increased intensity of extreme weather phenomena, as well as changes in the number and pattern of precipitation. Consequences of global warming are another character of agricultural output, loss of glaciers, and the extinction of various animal species.
Greenhouse effect.
All sources of energy contained in the Earth comes from the sun. Most of the energy in the form of short wave radiation, including visible light. When this energy reached Earth's surface, he changed from light into heat that warms the Earth. Earth's surface, will absorb some of the heat and reflecting back the rest. Some of this heat wave form of infrared radiation into space long. But some of the heat remains trapped in the earth's atmosphere due to deposition amount of greenhouse gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane which trap the waves of this radiation. These gases absorb and reflect back the radiation waves emitted by the Earth and consequently the heat is stored in the Earth's surface. This situation occurs continuously resulting in an annual average temperature of the earth continues to rise. These gases may serve as a greenhouse gas. With the increasing concentration of these gases in the atmosphere, the more heat is trapped underneath.
The greenhouse effect is very much needed by all living things on earth, because without it, this planet will become very cold. With an average temperature at 15 ° C (59 ° F), the earth has actually hotter 33 ° C (59 ° F) from the original temperature, if there is no greenhouse effect the earth temperature -18 ° C only so the ice will cover the entire Earth's surface. But on the contrary, if the gases in the atmosphere has been excessive, will cause global warming.
Impact of global warming
• Start Unstable Climate
Warmer regions will become more humid as more water evaporates from the ocean. The humidity will increase or decrease even further warming. This is because water vapor is a greenhouse gas, so that its presence will increase the insulation effect on the atmosphere. However, more moisture will also form more clouds that reflect sunlight back into space, where this is going to reduce the heating process. High humidity will increase rainfall, on average.
• Increased sea surface
As the atmosphere warms, the ocean surface layer will also be warmer, so the volume might be larger and raises sea level. Warming will also melt much glacier ice, further swelling the sea. Of sea level worldwide has risen 10-25 cm, and predicted a further rise of 9-88 cm.
• Global temperatures tend to increase
One might assume that a warmer Earth would produce more food than ever before, but it is actually not the same in some places. As an example, may benefit from higher rainfall and more length of planting. On the other hand, semi-arid tropical agricultural land in several parts. Desert agricultural areas that use irrigation water from distant mountains may suffer if the collection of snow in the winter, which serves as a natural reservoir, will melt before the peak months of planting. Food crops and forests may be susceptible to insect and disease attacks more powerful.
• Disturbance ecology
Animals and plants are living things that are difficult to avoid the effects of warming because most of the land has been controlled by humans. In global warming, animals tend to migrate toward the poles or up the mountain. Plants will change the direction of its growth, find new areas for the duration of habitat becomes too warm. However, human development will prevent this transfer. The species that migrate north or south is blocked by the cities or agricultural lands may be dead. Some types of species that are not able to rapidly move toward the poles may also be destroyed.
In addition, global warming could also affect the social and political
Changes in weather and ocean can lead to the emergence of diseases associated with heat and death. Hot temperatures can also cause crop failure that will appear hunger and malnutrition. Changes in extreme weather and sea level rise caused by melting Arctic ice cap can cause the diseases associated with natural disasters (floods, hurricanes and fires) and death due to trauma. Incidence of natural disasters are usually accompanied by a movement of people to places of refuge where frequent diseases, such as: diarrhea, malnutrition, micronutrient deficiency, psychological trauma, skin diseases, and others.
Ecosystem shifts can make an impact on the spread of diseases through water and the spread of diseases through vectors. As the increasing incidence of dengue fever since the emergence of a new ecosystem of space for these mosquitoes breed. Given this climate change then there are several species of Aedes Agipty eq disease vectors, viruses, bacteria, plasmodium become more resistant to certain drugs that target its CEDAW organism. Also predictable that there are some species that would naturally selected or extinct due to this extreme perbuhan ecosystems. Gradient Environmental pollution caused by waste in the river also contribute to waterborne diseases and vector-borne disease. Coupled with air pollution gases proceeds uncontrolled plant will further contribute to respiratory illnesses like asthma, allergies, coccidiodomycosis, chronic heart and lung disease, and others.
Solutions To Stop Global Warming, and until now we Still Have Chance To Do It.
Basically, we have to do is to reduce as much as possible everything which ak ¬ tifitas generate greenhouse gas emissions.
• Stop or reduce the eating of meat!
That 18% of global warming is happening is donated by the in ¬ livestock industry, which is larger than tackling the global warming effect produced by the entire world's transportation combined! And also added that the emissions are calculated based only on the EMI ¬ CO2 generated, even though in addition to being a great contributor to CO2, the poultry industry is also one of the main sources of pollution of land and water resources.
Plant-based diet requires only 25% of the energy needed by the meat-based diet. Changing patterns of eating meat with a vegetarian diet 50% more effect ¬ tif to prevent global warming. A vegetarian diet with the standards will save 1.5 tonnes of greenhouse emissions every year!
• Limit emissions of carbon dioxide!
If possible, find alternative energy sources that do not produce CO2 emissions such as solar energy, water, wind, nuclear, and others. When forced to use a fuel which will produce CO2 emissions, use it wisely and efficiently. This entry was ¬ save electricity and energy, especially Indonesia, including many countries that use the material char ¬ ba oil, coal for power plants.
¬ switch off electrical appliances when not in use to, use energy efficient lighting, and use panel suryasebagaienergi alternative.
• Plant more trees!
Green plants absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and storing it in its network. But after death they will release the CO2 back into the air. Environment with many plants will be binding CO2 as well, and must be maintained by future generations. If not, then the carbon already stored in the plant will re-released into the atmosphere as CO2 at ¬.
• Recycling and re-use
Calculations are performed in Ca lifornia ¬ indicate that when the recycling process can be applied up to the level of the state of California ¬ nia, then saved enough energy to provide energy supplies for 1.4 million homes, reducing the 27 047 tonnes of water pollution, saves 14 million tree, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to 3.8 million until the cars!
• Use alternative transportation to reduce carbon emissions
Consuming local food products will reduce emissions in a significant amount. Found that non-local food average travel 1494 miles before tackling yet consumed, compared with the local food which is only covered 56 miles. Imagine how much carbon emissions saved by ¬ distinction difference is 1438 miles. Use your bike as much as you can as a method of transport ¬ tation. Besides saving a lot of energy, cycling is also a healthy sport.
Increasing global temperatures are expected to lead to other changes such as rising sea levels, increased intensity of extreme weather phenomena, as well as changes in the number and pattern of precipitation. Consequences of global warming are another character of agricultural output, loss of glaciers, and the extinction of various animal species.
Greenhouse effect.
All sources of energy contained in the Earth comes from the sun. Most of the energy in the form of short wave radiation, including visible light. When this energy reached Earth's surface, he changed from light into heat that warms the Earth. Earth's surface, will absorb some of the heat and reflecting back the rest. Some of this heat wave form of infrared radiation into space long. But some of the heat remains trapped in the earth's atmosphere due to deposition amount of greenhouse gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane which trap the waves of this radiation. These gases absorb and reflect back the radiation waves emitted by the Earth and consequently the heat is stored in the Earth's surface. This situation occurs continuously resulting in an annual average temperature of the earth continues to rise. These gases may serve as a greenhouse gas. With the increasing concentration of these gases in the atmosphere, the more heat is trapped underneath.
The greenhouse effect is very much needed by all living things on earth, because without it, this planet will become very cold. With an average temperature at 15 ° C (59 ° F), the earth has actually hotter 33 ° C (59 ° F) from the original temperature, if there is no greenhouse effect the earth temperature -18 ° C only so the ice will cover the entire Earth's surface. But on the contrary, if the gases in the atmosphere has been excessive, will cause global warming.
Impact of global warming
• Start Unstable Climate
Warmer regions will become more humid as more water evaporates from the ocean. The humidity will increase or decrease even further warming. This is because water vapor is a greenhouse gas, so that its presence will increase the insulation effect on the atmosphere. However, more moisture will also form more clouds that reflect sunlight back into space, where this is going to reduce the heating process. High humidity will increase rainfall, on average.
• Increased sea surface
As the atmosphere warms, the ocean surface layer will also be warmer, so the volume might be larger and raises sea level. Warming will also melt much glacier ice, further swelling the sea. Of sea level worldwide has risen 10-25 cm, and predicted a further rise of 9-88 cm.
• Global temperatures tend to increase
One might assume that a warmer Earth would produce more food than ever before, but it is actually not the same in some places. As an example, may benefit from higher rainfall and more length of planting. On the other hand, semi-arid tropical agricultural land in several parts. Desert agricultural areas that use irrigation water from distant mountains may suffer if the collection of snow in the winter, which serves as a natural reservoir, will melt before the peak months of planting. Food crops and forests may be susceptible to insect and disease attacks more powerful.
• Disturbance ecology
Animals and plants are living things that are difficult to avoid the effects of warming because most of the land has been controlled by humans. In global warming, animals tend to migrate toward the poles or up the mountain. Plants will change the direction of its growth, find new areas for the duration of habitat becomes too warm. However, human development will prevent this transfer. The species that migrate north or south is blocked by the cities or agricultural lands may be dead. Some types of species that are not able to rapidly move toward the poles may also be destroyed.
In addition, global warming could also affect the social and political
Changes in weather and ocean can lead to the emergence of diseases associated with heat and death. Hot temperatures can also cause crop failure that will appear hunger and malnutrition. Changes in extreme weather and sea level rise caused by melting Arctic ice cap can cause the diseases associated with natural disasters (floods, hurricanes and fires) and death due to trauma. Incidence of natural disasters are usually accompanied by a movement of people to places of refuge where frequent diseases, such as: diarrhea, malnutrition, micronutrient deficiency, psychological trauma, skin diseases, and others.
Ecosystem shifts can make an impact on the spread of diseases through water and the spread of diseases through vectors. As the increasing incidence of dengue fever since the emergence of a new ecosystem of space for these mosquitoes breed. Given this climate change then there are several species of Aedes Agipty eq disease vectors, viruses, bacteria, plasmodium become more resistant to certain drugs that target its CEDAW organism. Also predictable that there are some species that would naturally selected or extinct due to this extreme perbuhan ecosystems. Gradient Environmental pollution caused by waste in the river also contribute to waterborne diseases and vector-borne disease. Coupled with air pollution gases proceeds uncontrolled plant will further contribute to respiratory illnesses like asthma, allergies, coccidiodomycosis, chronic heart and lung disease, and others.
Solutions To Stop Global Warming, and until now we Still Have Chance To Do It.
Basically, we have to do is to reduce as much as possible everything which ak ¬ tifitas generate greenhouse gas emissions.
• Stop or reduce the eating of meat!
That 18% of global warming is happening is donated by the in ¬ livestock industry, which is larger than tackling the global warming effect produced by the entire world's transportation combined! And also added that the emissions are calculated based only on the EMI ¬ CO2 generated, even though in addition to being a great contributor to CO2, the poultry industry is also one of the main sources of pollution of land and water resources.
Plant-based diet requires only 25% of the energy needed by the meat-based diet. Changing patterns of eating meat with a vegetarian diet 50% more effect ¬ tif to prevent global warming. A vegetarian diet with the standards will save 1.5 tonnes of greenhouse emissions every year!
• Limit emissions of carbon dioxide!
If possible, find alternative energy sources that do not produce CO2 emissions such as solar energy, water, wind, nuclear, and others. When forced to use a fuel which will produce CO2 emissions, use it wisely and efficiently. This entry was ¬ save electricity and energy, especially Indonesia, including many countries that use the material char ¬ ba oil, coal for power plants.
¬ switch off electrical appliances when not in use to, use energy efficient lighting, and use panel suryasebagaienergi alternative.
• Plant more trees!
Green plants absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and storing it in its network. But after death they will release the CO2 back into the air. Environment with many plants will be binding CO2 as well, and must be maintained by future generations. If not, then the carbon already stored in the plant will re-released into the atmosphere as CO2 at ¬.
• Recycling and re-use
Calculations are performed in Ca lifornia ¬ indicate that when the recycling process can be applied up to the level of the state of California ¬ nia, then saved enough energy to provide energy supplies for 1.4 million homes, reducing the 27 047 tonnes of water pollution, saves 14 million tree, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to 3.8 million until the cars!
• Use alternative transportation to reduce carbon emissions
Consuming local food products will reduce emissions in a significant amount. Found that non-local food average travel 1494 miles before tackling yet consumed, compared with the local food which is only covered 56 miles. Imagine how much carbon emissions saved by ¬ distinction difference is 1438 miles. Use your bike as much as you can as a method of transport ¬ tation. Besides saving a lot of energy, cycling is also a healthy sport.
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